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Notes...............medicine
?????? Stimulant Properties of Addictive Drugs
by Roy A. Wise
Summary
- Negative reinforcing effects (relief of dysphoria) of different drugs are
mediated by a variety of dependence mechanisms.
- Positive reinforcing effects (induction of euphoria) result from actions
in a shared or common mechanism activated by drivestates and reinforcing
conditions, best characterized by psychomotor activation.
- Many drugs in low doses cause psychomotor activation. Usually not seen
because of sedative "side-effects" of these drugs. (ie.: opiates,
ethanol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines).
- Medial forebrain bundle stimulation produces tendence to locomote and to
eat.
- Depends on the transsynoptic activation of the mesocorticolimbic and
perhaps the nigrostriatal dopamine system.
- Positive Reinforcement:
- Reinforcement involving induction of a positive state
- Negative Reinforcement:
- Reinforcement involving alleviation of a negative state.
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